1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:54,310 Oh 2 00:00:54,310 --> 00:00:54,320 3 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:56,710 the thermal energy storage or test 4 00:00:56,710 --> 00:00:56,720 the thermal energy storage or test 5 00:00:56,720 --> 00:00:58,630 the thermal energy storage or test experiments will fly aboard the space 6 00:00:58,630 --> 00:00:58,640 experiments will fly aboard the space 7 00:00:58,640 --> 00:01:00,490 experiments will fly aboard the space shuttle Columbia as part of NASA's 8 00:01:00,490 --> 00:01:00,500 shuttle Columbia as part of NASA's 9 00:01:00,500 --> 00:01:02,020 shuttle Columbia as part of NASA's office of aeronautics and space 10 00:01:02,020 --> 00:01:02,030 office of aeronautics and space 11 00:01:02,030 --> 00:01:05,650 office of aeronautics and space technology to carrier during the STS 62 12 00:01:05,650 --> 00:01:05,660 technology to carrier during the STS 62 13 00:01:05,660 --> 00:01:07,870 technology to carrier during the STS 62 mission rolled engineers at the NASA 14 00:01:07,870 --> 00:01:07,880 mission rolled engineers at the NASA 15 00:01:07,880 --> 00:01:09,880 mission rolled engineers at the NASA Lewis Research Center are conducting 16 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:09,890 Lewis Research Center are conducting 17 00:01:09,890 --> 00:01:11,800 Lewis Research Center are conducting materials research that will lead to the 18 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:11,810 materials research that will lead to the 19 00:01:11,810 --> 00:01:13,480 materials research that will lead to the development of the next generation of 20 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:13,490 development of the next generation of 21 00:01:13,490 --> 00:01:16,050 development of the next generation of power systems for future spacecraft 22 00:01:16,050 --> 00:01:16,060 power systems for future spacecraft 23 00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:18,520 power systems for future spacecraft fluoride salts have been selected as 24 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:18,530 fluoride salts have been selected as 25 00:01:18,530 --> 00:01:20,710 fluoride salts have been selected as test material mainly because they melt 26 00:01:20,710 --> 00:01:20,720 test material mainly because they melt 27 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:22,300 test material mainly because they melt and freeze at the high temperatures 28 00:01:22,300 --> 00:01:22,310 and freeze at the high temperatures 29 00:01:22,310 --> 00:01:23,980 and freeze at the high temperatures required for effective use in a 30 00:01:23,980 --> 00:01:23,990 required for effective use in a 31 00:01:23,990 --> 00:01:26,650 required for effective use in a space-based power system however a 32 00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:26,660 space-based power system however a 33 00:01:26,660 --> 00:01:28,749 space-based power system however a primary concern with fluorides 34 00:01:28,749 --> 00:01:28,759 primary concern with fluorides 35 00:01:28,759 --> 00:01:31,150 primary concern with fluorides is the change in volume as much as 30% 36 00:01:31,150 --> 00:01:31,160 is the change in volume as much as 30% 37 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:34,810 is the change in volume as much as 30% when the test material is melted this 38 00:01:34,810 --> 00:01:34,820 when the test material is melted this 39 00:01:34,820 --> 00:01:37,180 when the test material is melted this change in volume produces a void or 40 00:01:37,180 --> 00:01:37,190 change in volume produces a void or 41 00:01:37,190 --> 00:01:39,550 change in volume produces a void or bubble when the material freezes how 42 00:01:39,550 --> 00:01:39,560 bubble when the material freezes how 43 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:41,859 bubble when the material freezes how these voids behave under microgravity is 44 00:01:41,859 --> 00:01:41,869 these voids behave under microgravity is 45 00:01:41,869 --> 00:01:45,820 these voids behave under microgravity is not entirely understood suppose that 46 00:01:45,820 --> 00:01:45,830 not entirely understood suppose that 47 00:01:45,830 --> 00:01:48,130 not entirely understood suppose that when the salt freezes and contracts at 48 00:01:48,130 --> 00:01:48,140 when the salt freezes and contracts at 49 00:01:48,140 --> 00:01:51,249 when the salt freezes and contracts at zero gravity the void all forms near the 50 00:01:51,249 --> 00:01:51,259 zero gravity the void all forms near the 51 00:01:51,259 --> 00:01:52,600 zero gravity the void all forms near the surface of the container 52 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:52,610 surface of the container 53 00:01:52,610 --> 00:01:56,560 surface of the container as we move from shade to sunlight there 54 00:01:56,560 --> 00:01:56,570 as we move from shade to sunlight there 55 00:01:56,570 --> 00:01:58,660 as we move from shade to sunlight there is no salt to conduct the heat away from 56 00:01:58,660 --> 00:01:58,670 is no salt to conduct the heat away from 57 00:01:58,670 --> 00:02:02,469 is no salt to conduct the heat away from the container surface at this point the 58 00:02:02,469 --> 00:02:02,479 the container surface at this point the 59 00:02:02,479 --> 00:02:03,969 the container surface at this point the container may be subjected to 60 00:02:03,969 --> 00:02:03,979 container may be subjected to 61 00:02:03,979 --> 00:02:06,310 container may be subjected to temperatures high enough to burn a hole 62 00:02:06,310 --> 00:02:06,320 temperatures high enough to burn a hole 63 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:10,120 temperatures high enough to burn a hole on the other hand what happens if the 64 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:10,130 on the other hand what happens if the 65 00:02:10,130 --> 00:02:12,370 on the other hand what happens if the void forms near the center of the 66 00:02:12,370 --> 00:02:12,380 void forms near the center of the 67 00:02:12,380 --> 00:02:15,789 void forms near the center of the container away from the surface since 68 00:02:15,789 --> 00:02:15,799 container away from the surface since 69 00:02:15,799 --> 00:02:18,160 container away from the surface since the salt nears the surface will melt 70 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:18,170 the salt nears the surface will melt 71 00:02:18,170 --> 00:02:20,920 the salt nears the surface will melt first will there be enough room in the 72 00:02:20,920 --> 00:02:20,930 first will there be enough room in the 73 00:02:20,930 --> 00:02:24,070 first will there be enough room in the container to allow for the expansion of 74 00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:24,080 container to allow for the expansion of 75 00:02:24,080 --> 00:02:27,039 container to allow for the expansion of the salts from solid to liquid if not 76 00:02:27,039 --> 00:02:27,049 the salts from solid to liquid if not 77 00:02:27,049 --> 00:02:30,280 the salts from solid to liquid if not the containers may be distorted again 78 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:30,290 the containers may be distorted again 79 00:02:30,290 --> 00:02:33,759 the containers may be distorted again hampering the entire system Oak Ridge 80 00:02:33,759 --> 00:02:33,769 hampering the entire system Oak Ridge 81 00:02:33,769 --> 00:02:35,979 hampering the entire system Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee has 82 00:02:35,979 --> 00:02:35,989 National Laboratory in Tennessee has 83 00:02:35,989 --> 00:02:37,960 National Laboratory in Tennessee has developed a three-dimensional program to 84 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:37,970 developed a three-dimensional program to 85 00:02:37,970 --> 00:02:39,940 developed a three-dimensional program to describe in space void behavior in 86 00:02:39,940 --> 00:02:39,950 describe in space void behavior in 87 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:42,640 describe in space void behavior in fluoride salts the program is named nor 88 00:02:42,640 --> 00:02:42,650 fluoride salts the program is named nor 89 00:02:42,650 --> 00:02:46,479 fluoride salts the program is named nor vex the nor vex called predictions for 90 00:02:46,479 --> 00:02:46,489 vex the nor vex called predictions for 91 00:02:46,489 --> 00:02:48,820 vex the nor vex called predictions for lithium fluoride salt behavior in space 92 00:02:48,820 --> 00:02:48,830 lithium fluoride salt behavior in space 93 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:51,880 lithium fluoride salt behavior in space must be verified with data such data at 94 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:51,890 must be verified with data such data at 95 00:02:51,890 --> 00:02:54,610 must be verified with data such data at the present time does not exist the test 96 00:02:54,610 --> 00:02:54,620 the present time does not exist the test 97 00:02:54,620 --> 00:02:56,080 the present time does not exist the test experiments have been developed to 98 00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:56,090 experiments have been developed to 99 00:02:56,090 --> 00:02:58,270 experiments have been developed to provide the low gravity data needed to 100 00:02:58,270 --> 00:02:58,280 provide the low gravity data needed to 101 00:02:58,280 --> 00:03:01,120 provide the low gravity data needed to verify the Norwex code a validated 102 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:01,130 verify the Norwex code a validated 103 00:03:01,130 --> 00:03:03,520 verify the Norwex code a validated Norwex code will help lead to future 104 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:03,530 Norwex code will help lead to future 105 00:03:03,530 --> 00:03:05,700 Norwex code will help lead to future solar dynamic power systems 106 00:03:05,700 --> 00:03:05,710 solar dynamic power systems 107 00:03:05,710 --> 00:03:07,740 solar dynamic power systems higher efficiency longer life and 108 00:03:07,740 --> 00:03:07,750 higher efficiency longer life and 109 00:03:07,750 --> 00:03:10,440 higher efficiency longer life and reduced weight to separate test 110 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:10,450 reduced weight to separate test 111 00:03:10,450 --> 00:03:12,300 reduced weight to separate test experiments we'll fly aboard Columbia 112 00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:12,310 experiments we'll fly aboard Columbia 113 00:03:12,310 --> 00:03:14,160 experiments we'll fly aboard Columbia they are identical except for the 114 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:14,170 they are identical except for the 115 00:03:14,170 --> 00:03:19,470 they are identical except for the composition of the fluoride salts 116 00:03:19,470 --> 00:03:19,480 117 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:22,210 the experiment section has a cylindrical 118 00:03:22,210 --> 00:03:22,220 the experiment section has a cylindrical 119 00:03:22,220 --> 00:03:24,040 the experiment section has a cylindrical canister charged with the test material 120 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:24,050 canister charged with the test material 121 00:03:24,050 --> 00:03:27,340 canister charged with the test material a to zone heater surrounds the cannister 122 00:03:27,340 --> 00:03:27,350 a to zone heater surrounds the cannister 123 00:03:27,350 --> 00:03:29,710 a to zone heater surrounds the cannister the fluoride salts are melted here on 124 00:03:29,710 --> 00:03:29,720 the fluoride salts are melted here on 125 00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:31,870 the fluoride salts are melted here on earth and allowed to solidify with the 126 00:03:31,870 --> 00:03:31,880 earth and allowed to solidify with the 127 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:33,910 earth and allowed to solidify with the cannister in a horizontal position 128 00:03:33,910 --> 00:03:33,920 cannister in a horizontal position 129 00:03:33,920 --> 00:03:36,940 cannister in a horizontal position this causes a void to be located along 130 00:03:36,940 --> 00:03:36,950 this causes a void to be located along 131 00:03:36,950 --> 00:03:39,280 this causes a void to be located along the canister wall at a position which is 132 00:03:39,280 --> 00:03:39,290 the canister wall at a position which is 133 00:03:39,290 --> 00:03:41,050 the canister wall at a position which is opposite the high temperature zone of 134 00:03:41,050 --> 00:03:41,060 opposite the high temperature zone of 135 00:03:41,060 --> 00:03:43,449 opposite the high temperature zone of the heater in the microgravity 136 00:03:43,449 --> 00:03:43,459 the heater in the microgravity 137 00:03:43,459 --> 00:03:45,699 the heater in the microgravity environment of space the test material 138 00:03:45,699 --> 00:03:45,709 environment of space the test material 139 00:03:45,709 --> 00:03:47,980 environment of space the test material will be subjected to four melt freeze 140 00:03:47,980 --> 00:03:47,990 will be subjected to four melt freeze 141 00:03:47,990 --> 00:03:51,430 will be subjected to four melt freeze cycles the acquired on-orbit data along 142 00:03:51,430 --> 00:03:51,440 cycles the acquired on-orbit data along 143 00:03:51,440 --> 00:03:53,500 cycles the acquired on-orbit data along with post flight data will determine the 144 00:03:53,500 --> 00:03:53,510 with post flight data will determine the 145 00:03:53,510 --> 00:03:55,540 with post flight data will determine the extent of the void movement toward the 146 00:03:55,540 --> 00:03:55,550 extent of the void movement toward the 147 00:03:55,550 --> 00:03:57,760 extent of the void movement toward the high-temperature heater zone the data 148 00:03:57,760 --> 00:03:57,770 high-temperature heater zone the data 149 00:03:57,770 --> 00:03:59,680 high-temperature heater zone the data will validate analytical predictions 150 00:03:59,680 --> 00:03:59,690 will validate analytical predictions 151 00:03:59,690 --> 00:04:02,680 will validate analytical predictions from the nor vex code the verified code 152 00:04:02,680 --> 00:04:02,690 from the nor vex code the verified code 153 00:04:02,690 --> 00:04:04,690 from the nor vex code the verified code will help lead to improved heat receiver 154 00:04:04,690 --> 00:04:04,700 will help lead to improved heat receiver 155 00:04:04,700 --> 00:04:07,060 will help lead to improved heat receiver designs for future solar dynamic power 156 00:04:07,060 --> 00:04:07,070 designs for future solar dynamic power 157 00:04:07,070 --> 00:04:09,990 designs for future solar dynamic power systems the thermal energy storage 158 00:04:09,990 --> 00:04:10,000 systems the thermal energy storage 159 00:04:10,000 --> 00:04:12,010 systems the thermal energy storage experiments are the first time these 160 00:04:12,010 --> 00:04:12,020 experiments are the first time these 161 00:04:12,020 --> 00:04:14,050 experiments are the first time these materials will be tested under extended 162 00:04:14,050 --> 00:04:14,060 materials will be tested under extended 163 00:04:14,060 --> 00:04:16,390 materials will be tested under extended microgravity conditions the acquired 164 00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:16,400 microgravity conditions the acquired 165 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:18,670 microgravity conditions the acquired data is needed to verify analytical 166 00:04:18,670 --> 00:04:18,680 data is needed to verify analytical 167 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:20,440 data is needed to verify analytical predictions for test material behavior 168 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:20,450 predictions for test material behavior 169 00:04:20,450 --> 00:04:22,840 predictions for test material behavior these test experiments will point the 170 00:04:22,840 --> 00:04:22,850 these test experiments will point the 171 00:04:22,850 --> 00:04:24,909 these test experiments will point the way toward a reliable efficient and 172 00:04:24,909 --> 00:04:24,919 way toward a reliable efficient and 173 00:04:24,919 --> 00:04:27,430 way toward a reliable efficient and low-cost solar dynamic power system for 174 00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:27,440 low-cost solar dynamic power system for 175 00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:30,460 low-cost solar dynamic power system for Earth orbiting spacecraft